到手一块 TOSHIBA DTB305 500G 移动硬盘，计划用来备份电脑的数据，先加密

cryptsetup -s 512 luksFormat /dev/sdb

居然失败，磁盘一直报错：

May 23 23:38:20 mom kernel: scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access     TOSHIBA  External USB 3.0 0114 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
May 23 23:38:20 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Spinning up disk...
May 23 23:38:21 mom kernel: .ready
May 23 23:38:21 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 976773168 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/466 GiB)
May 23 23:38:21 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
May 23 23:38:21 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 47 00 10 08
May 23 23:38:21 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
May 23 23:38:21 mom kernel: sdb: sdb1
May 23 23:38:21 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
May 23 23:38:22 mom kernel: FAT-fs (sdb1): utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive!
May 23 23:40:22 mom kernel: sdb:
May 23 23:42:35 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
May 23 23:42:35 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x5 [current] 
May 23 23:42:35 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0 
May 23 23:42:35 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x2a 2a 08 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00
May 23 23:42:35 mom kernel: print_req_error: critical target error, dev sdb, sector 2048
May 23 23:44:57 mom kernel: sdb:
May 23 23:45:26 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
May 23 23:45:26 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x5 [current] 
May 23 23:45:26 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0 
May 23 23:45:26 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x2a 2a 08 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00
May 23 23:45:26 mom kernel: print_req_error: critical target error, dev sdb, sector 2048
May 23 23:45:58 mom kernel: sdb:
May 23 23:46:05 mom kernel: sdb:
May 23 23:47:55 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
May 23 23:47:55 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x5 [current] 
May 23 23:47:55 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0 
May 23 23:47:55 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x2a 2a 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
May 23 23:47:55 mom kernel: print_req_error: critical target error, dev sdb, sector 0
May 23 23:59:15 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
May 23 23:59:15 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x5 [current] 
May 23 23:59:15 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0 
May 23 23:59:15 mom kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x2a 2a 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
May 23 23:59:15 mom kernel: print_req_error: critical target error, dev sdb, sector 0

难道硬盘坏了，查了下SMART完全没问题啊，算了，换veracrypt加密，这次可以了，接着创建ext4，挂载正常， 但是，随手看了下日志，也不行：

[  123.936031] usb 1-2.4: new high-speed USB device number 6 using ehci-pci
[  124.107699] usb 1-2.4: New USB device found, idVendor=0480, idProduct=a001
[  124.107703] usb 1-2.4: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[  124.107705] usb 1-2.4: Product: USB device
[  124.107707] usb 1-2.4: Manufacturer: USB device
[  124.107709] usb 1-2.4: SerialNumber: WQ670000000009252
[  124.108238] usb-storage 1-2.4:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[  124.114141] scsi host6: usb-storage 1-2.4:1.0
[  124.176728] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[  125.154152] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access     TOSHIBA  External USB 3.0 0114 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[  125.162002] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Spinning up disk...
[  126.176026] .ready
[  126.177651] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 976773168 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/466 GiB)
[  126.180276] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[  126.180279] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 47 00 10 08
[  126.182271] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[  126.197549]  sdb: sdb1 sdb2
[  126.203273] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[  126.818539] FAT-fs (sdb1): utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive!
[  126.940855] FAT-fs (sdb1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
[  140.651217] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[  140.651222] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x5 [current] 
[  140.651224] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0 
[  140.651227] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x2a 2a 08 01 40 18 00 00 00 08 00
[  140.651229] print_req_error: critical target error, dev sdb, sector 20977664
[  140.651242] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-1, logical block 0, lost sync page write
[  140.661143] EXT4-fs (dm-1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[  146.950106] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[  146.950111] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x5 [current] 
[  146.950114] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0 
[  146.950117] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x2a 2a 08 1d 84 18 18 00 00 08 00
[  146.950120] print_req_error: critical target error, dev sdb, sector 495196184
[  146.950142] Aborting journal on device dm-1-8.
[  146.953093] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[  146.953097] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x5 [current] 
[  146.953099] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0 
[  146.953103] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x2a 2a 08 1d 84 18 00 00 00 08 00
[  146.953105] print_req_error: critical target error, dev sdb, sector 495196160
[  146.953111] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-1, logical block 59277312, lost sync page write
[  146.953124] JBD2: Error -5 detected when updating journal superblock for dm-1-8.
[  178.941515] EXT4-fs (dm-1): previous I/O error to superblock detected
[  178.945445] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[  178.945451] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x5 [current] 
[  178.945453] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0 
[  178.945457] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x2a 2a 08 01 40 18 00 00 00 08 00
[  178.945460] print_req_error: critical target error, dev sdb, sector 20977664
[  178.945472] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-1, logical block 0, lost sync page write
[  178.945494] EXT4-fs error (device dm-1): ext4_journal_check_start:61: Detected aborted journal
[  178.945499] EXT4-fs (dm-1): Remounting filesystem read-only
[  178.945506] EXT4-fs (dm-1): previous I/O error to superblock detected
[  178.949462] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[  178.949466] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x5 [current] 
[  178.949468] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0 
[  178.949472] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x2a 2a 08 01 40 18 00 00 00 08 00
[  178.949475] print_req_error: critical target error, dev sdb, sector 20977664
[  178.949485] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-1, logical block 0, lost sync page write

莫非这硬盘对Linux有什么限制？日志文件系统不行，那换成FAT试试，居然好了！这不科学，搜索一通发现可能是硬盘cache的问题： scsi: introduce a quirk for false cache reporting

补丁里没有我这块盘的型号，依葫芦画瓢写一个补丁 toshiba_dtb305-sync_cache.patch

重新编译内核，加密，创建文件系统，读写正常，搞定！

[179343.585880] usb 1-2.4: New USB device found, idVendor=0480, idProduct=a001
[179343.585884] usb 1-2.4: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[179343.585886] usb 1-2.4: Product: USB device
[179343.585888] usb 1-2.4: Manufacturer: USB device
[179343.585890] usb 1-2.4: SerialNumber: WQ670000000009252
[179343.586680] usb-storage 1-2.4:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[179343.590799] usb-storage 1-2.4:1.0: Quirks match for vid 0480 pid a001: 20000000
[179343.591052] scsi host6: usb-storage 1-2.4:1.0
[179344.610048] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access     TOSHIBA  External USB 3.0 0114 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[179344.617874] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Spinning up disk...
[179345.632026] .ready
[179345.633253] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 976773168 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/466 GiB)
[179345.633258] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming Write Enabled
[179345.633260] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write back
[179345.639144]  sdb: sdb1 sdb2
[179345.640371] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[179346.383257] FAT-fs (sdb1): utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive!
[179346.404356] FAT-fs (sdb1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
[179349.378210] EXT4-fs (dm-1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)

找到一篇写的更详细的： Linux下USB 3.0移动硬盘读写错误问题分析